Journal

Volume 25, Issue 1 (March 31, 2024)

4 articles

• The Effects of Expectation Violation of AI Speakers on Expectation and Satisfaction: Through the Anthropomorphic Moderation Effect
  by Sumin Shin & Kwanghee Han
  J. CS. 2024, 25(1), 1-32;
  Abstract This study investigated how interactions with artificial intelligence (AI) speakers impact users' expectations and satisfaction, with a particular focus on expectation violation (EV)s. The findings revealed that both changes in expectations and satisfaction are influenced by these violations. Specif... [Read more].
  Abstract This study investigated how interactions with artificial intelligence (AI) speakers impact users' expectations and satisfaction, with a particular focus on expectation violation (EV)s. The findings revealed that both changes in expectations and satisfaction are influenced by these violations. Specifically, when expectations were exceeded (positive EV), users experienced increased satisfaction, whereas unmet expectations (negative EV) led to disappointment, consistent with previous studies on Expectancy Violation Theory (EVT). Furthermore, our aim was to explore the role of anthropomorphism in shaping users' expectations and their confirmation of AI speakers' functions. As expected, interactions with AI speakers that surpassed expectations and exhibited more human-like traits resulted in the most positive changes in expectations and satisfaction. Conversely, encounters with AI speakers failing to meet expectations and displaying rigid, machine-like behaviors led to the most negative shifts in both metrics. However, irrespective of anthropomorphism levels, both positive and negative EVs consistently influenced changes in expectations and satisfaction within each group. Therefore, it could be argued that meeting or exceeding user expectations is a critical factor for fostering a positive user experience, regardless of the degree of anthropomorphism. [Collapse]
• Investigating Gender-based Responses in Social Psychology Experiments
  by Ardita Todri, Petraq Papajorgji and Howard Moskowitz
  J. CS. 2024, 25(1), 33-66;
  Abstract This paper presents a meta-analysis of 29 studies run using the Mind Genomics approach to quantify how respondents react to messaging and how their reaction impacts decision-making in social psychology experimental research areas. The Mind Genomics studies used were performed during the 2020-2022 pe... [Read more].
  Abstract This paper presents a meta-analysis of 29 studies run using the Mind Genomics approach to quantify how respondents react to messaging and how their reaction impacts decision-making in social psychology experimental research areas. The Mind Genomics studies used were performed during the 2020-2022 period in the USA, Italy, Spain, Albania, and other countries of the Mediterranean basin. The paper focuses on identifying gender differences in response time and evaluations of messages on different topics calculated by the Mind Genomics-Artificial Intelligence system. Further, the meta-analysis results are based on Kahneman's (2011) study results. The study`s general result demonstrates that male and female participants' thinking is intuitive, automatic, and emotionally oriented. The study also confirms that the gender's response time does not affect the results of the experiment. In addition, is argued that gender-based perceptions differ according to the topic and are considered relevant in decision-making on some topics. These study results can be used to predict the experiment's results for new participants without having them repeat the entire experimental procedure. [Collapse]
• Anaphoric Definites without a Determiner: Korean vs. Chinese
  by Myung-Kwan Park & Arum Kang
  J. CS. 2024, 25(1), 67-124;
  Abstract This paper contributes to the recent works on the nature of anaphoric definites by comparing Korean and Mandarin Chinese (MC). We first note that in Korean, bare NPs as well as demonstrative-preceded nominals can serve as an anaphoric definite. This sharply contrasts with MC, where demonstrative-pre... [Read more].
  Abstract This paper contributes to the recent works on the nature of anaphoric definites by comparing Korean and Mandarin Chinese (MC). We first note that in Korean, bare NPs as well as demonstrative-preceded nominals can serve as an anaphoric definite. This sharply contrasts with MC, where demonstrative-preceded nominals can do so, but bare NPs can do so only in the subject/topic position and not in other positions. Building on the claim that unlike unique definites (or weak Ds), anaphoric definites (or strong Ds) are composed of a strong determiner whose anaphoric index argument establishes an explicitly expressed relation with their antecedents (i.e., Schwarz 2009, Jenks 2018), we propose that there are two loci for structurally accommodating its anaphoric index argument: (i) at the periphery of Nume(ral)P; and (ii) at the periphery of bare NP. Both Korean and MC demonstratives just outside NumeP assume the role of a strong determiner, performing the same function as the English definite determiner the. However, Korean diverges from MC in structurally licensing the covert strong-determiner-like element just outside a bare NP. It can be lexicalized and licensed with the Case/case morphology available to Korean but only by topic features in the subject/topic position in MC. An important consequence of this analysis is that because unlike their counterparts in Korean, bare NPs in the object position in MC cannot be an anaphoric definite, neither can their null counterparts (i.e., pro's) in the object position in MC, which echoes Huang’s (1984) celebrated ban on null anaphoric definites in the object position. Demonstrating that apparently null anaphoric definites are available only in VP-ellipsis constructions in MC (as well as Korean), we argue that in Korean and MC, overt demonstrative pronouns replace demonstrative-preceded nominals, and pro's substitute bare NPs. [Collapse]
• Indirect Strategy and Interpretive Economy in Phrasal Yorimo and Bǐ-Comparatives
  by Toshiko Oda
  J. CS. 2024, 25(1), 125-178;
  Abstract The semantics of Japanese yorimo-comparatives remained somewhat mysterious until Beck et al. (2004) proposed a context-dependent analysis that accounted for the peculiar behavior of clausal yorimo-comparatives. Despite its contribution, however, many arguments have been made against the idea of the ... [Read more].
  Abstract The semantics of Japanese yorimo-comparatives remained somewhat mysterious until Beck et al. (2004) proposed a context-dependent analysis that accounted for the peculiar behavior of clausal yorimo-comparatives. Despite its contribution, however, many arguments have been made against the idea of the context-dependent comparisons of yorimo-comparatives. Kennedy (2007a) and Sudo (2015) argue that yorimo-comparatives can still be captured within the framework of traditional compositional comparison. This study focuses on phrasal yorimo-comparatives and argues that context-dependent analysis remains a viable option. Phrasal yorimo-comparatives in Japanese and bǐ-comparatives in Mandarin Chinese are largely considered equivalents of phrasal more than-comparatives. However, I will first point out that phrasal yorimo/bǐ-comparatives behave more like compared to/im Vergleich zu “in comparison to”-constructions rather than more than-comparatives. I will argue that indirect strategy, another context-dependent analysis developed by Hohaus (2015), captures the behaviors of phrasal yorimo/bǐ-comparatives. Her framework of indirect strategy was originally proposed to explain the semantics of compared to/im Vergleich zu “in comparison to”-constructions; it also captures the behaviors of phrasal yorimo/bǐ-comparatives. This study further proposes that variations in judgments that arise in phrasal yorimo/bǐ-comparatives are explained by Interpretive Economy proposed by Kennedy (2007b). Such rule-governed mechanism enriches the framework of indirect strategy and makes it more plausible. [Collapse]