Journal

Volume 22, Issue 2 (June 30, 2021)

5 articles

• Special Issue Preface
  by Martha Lewis, Michael Moortgat
  J. CS. 2021, 22(2), 0-;
  Abstract [Read more].
  Abstract [Collapse]
• Anaphora and Ellipsis in Lambek Calculus with a Relevant Modality: Syntax and Semantics
  by Lachlan McPheat, Gijs Wijnholds, Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh, Adriana Correia, and Alexis Toumi
  J. CS. 2021, 22(2), 1-34;
  Abstract Lambek calculus with a relevant modality !L⇤ of (Kanovich et al., 2016) syntactically resolves parasitic gaps in natural language. It resembles the Lambek calculus with anaphora LA of (Jäger, 1998) and the Lambek calculus with controlled contraction L⌃ of (Wijnholds and Sadrzadeh, 2019b) which deal ... [Read more].
  Abstract Lambek calculus with a relevant modality !L⇤ of (Kanovich et al., 2016) syntactically resolves parasitic gaps in natural language. It resembles the Lambek calculus with anaphora LA of (Jäger, 1998) and the Lambek calculus with controlled contraction L⌃ of (Wijnholds and Sadrzadeh, 2019b) which deal with anaphora and ellipsis. What all these calculi add to Lambek calculus is a copying and moving behaviour. Distributional semantics is a subfield of Natural Language Processing that uses vector space semantics for words via co-occurrence statistics in large corpora of data. Compositional vector space semantics for Lambek Calculi are obtained via the DisCoCat models (Coecke et al., 2010). LA does not have a vector space semantics and the semantics of L⌃ is not compositional. Previously, we developed a DisCoCat semantics for !L⇤ and focused on the parasitic gap applications. In this paper, we use the vector space instance of that general semantics and show how one can also interpret anaphora, ellipsis, and for the first time derive the sloppy vs strict vector readings of ambiguous anaphora with ellipsis cases. The base of our semantics is tensor algebras and their finite dimensional variants: the Fermionic Fock spaces of Quantum Mechanics. We implement our model and experiment with the ellipsis disambiguation task of (Wijnholds and Sadrzadeh, 2019a). [Collapse]
• On the Relationship between Syntactic and Semantic Encoding in Metric Space Language Models
  by Whitney Tabor
  J. CS. 2021, 22(2), 35-67;
  Abstract The relationship between form and meaning is central to the theory of language. Traditionally, syntax and semantics are viewed as two different levels of representation. Based on insights from the intersection of dynamical systems theory and the theory of computation, and guided by linguistic data, ... [Read more].
  Abstract The relationship between form and meaning is central to the theory of language. Traditionally, syntax and semantics are viewed as two different levels of representation. Based on insights from the intersection of dynamical systems theory and the theory of computation, and guided by linguistic data, I argue that there is only one space, a syntacticsemantic one. I model it here as a stable, countably infinite attractor of an iterated map dynamical system. One advantage of this approach is that it supports a unified treatment of grammatical and ungrammatical processing. [Collapse]
• Cobordisms and Commutative Categorial Grammars
  by Sergey Slavnov
  J. CS. 2021, 22(2), 68-91;
  Abstract We propose a concrete surface representation of abstract categorial grammars in the category of word cobordisms or cowordisms for short, which are certain bipartite graphs decorated withwords in a given alphabet, generalizing linear logic proof-nets. We also introduce and study linear logic grammars... [Read more].
  Abstract We propose a concrete surface representation of abstract categorial grammars in the category of word cobordisms or cowordisms for short, which are certain bipartite graphs decorated withwords in a given alphabet, generalizing linear logic proof-nets. We also introduce and study linear logic grammars, directly based on cobordisms and using classical multiplicative linear logic as a typing system. [Collapse]
• Integrated Information in Process Theories: Towards Categorical IIT
  by Sean Tull and Johannes Kleiner
  J. CS. 2021, 22(2), 92-123;
  Abstract We demonstrate how integrated information and other key notions from Tononi et al.’s Integrated Information Theory (IIT) can be studied within the simple graphical language of process theories (symmetric monoidal categories). This allows IIT to be generalised to a broad range of physical theories, i... [Read more].
  Abstract We demonstrate how integrated information and other key notions from Tononi et al.’s Integrated Information Theory (IIT) can be studied within the simple graphical language of process theories (symmetric monoidal categories). This allows IIT to be generalised to a broad range of physical theories, including as a special case the Quantum IIT of Zanardi, Tomka and Venuti, and sets the foundation for a categorical definition of IIT. [Collapse]