Journal

Volume 16, Issue 3 (September 30, 2015)

7 articles

• Introduction to the Special Issue
  by Verena Henrich & Erhard Hinrichs
  J. CS. 2015, 16(3), 195-199;
  Abstract This special issue of the Journal of Cognitive Science (JCS) is on the topic of Computational, Cognitive, and Linguistic Approaches to the Analysis of Compounds and Collocations. [Read more].
  Abstract This special issue of the Journal of Cognitive Science (JCS) is on the topic of Computational, Cognitive, and Linguistic Approaches to the Analysis of Compounds and Collocations. [Collapse]
• Semantic Modeling of Collocations for Lexicographic Purposes
  by Lothar Lemnitzer & Alexander Geyken
  J. CS. 2015, 16(3), 200-223;
  Abstract The study which we will present in this paper aims at investigating and modeling lexical-semantic properties of collocations. Pairs of words that co-occur with statistic salience will be extracted automatically from a large German corpus with the help of the “Wortprofil”, a sketch-engine-like applic... [Read more].
  Abstract The study which we will present in this paper aims at investigating and modeling lexical-semantic properties of collocations. Pairs of words that co-occur with statistic salience will be extracted automatically from a large German corpus with the help of the “Wortprofil”, a sketch-engine-like application. From these sets of co-occurring words, collocations in the narrow sense are selected manually. With these data, the following research questions will be addressed a) concerning the collocates: are we able to classify these into lexical-semantic classes and group them accordingly; b) concerning the bases: are we able to find significant numbers of shared collocates for lexicalsemantically related bases and thus reach some form of generalization and regular patterns? In our study we apply the Meaning-Text Theory of Mel’čuk, more precisely, the concept of Lexical Functions (LF). The idea to employ LFs for lexicographic work on collocations is not new. However, the combination of LF with semantic wordnets for the abstraction over individual bases (addressing question b above) is innovative as it has, to the best of our knowledge, not yet been used for modeling a larger subset of collocations in any language. In the study we report here, we have focused on a set of lexical items and their collocations in order to test the appropriateness of Lexical Functions and to model the phenomena and the intersection of collocates of related base words to generalize collocational patterns. A practical goal of our work will gain a clearer view of how to use lexicalsemantic features for the encoding of collocation in semasiological dictionaries such as the Digitales Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache(DWDS). A further goal and a contribution to lexicological theory is to better understand the interdependence between regularity and arbitrariness of lexical choice. While the arbitrariness of lexical choice makes collocations hard to learn for the second-language learner, we assume that there are some (sub-)regularities, at least within groups of semantically related headwords. Applied properly to the task of language learning, such regularities should facilitate the acquisition of this part of the vocabulary. [Collapse]
• Basic Relations and Stereotype Relations in the Semantics of Compound Nouns
  by Melanie J. Bell
  J. CS. 2015, 16(3), 225-260;
  Abstract This paper tests the hypothesis of Fanselow (1981) that the semantic relations in compound nouns are of two types: ‘basic’ and ‘stereotype’. It is shown that the probability of a compound falling into either of Fanselow’s proposed categories can be largely predicted using semantic and distributional... [Read more].
  Abstract This paper tests the hypothesis of Fanselow (1981) that the semantic relations in compound nouns are of two types: ‘basic’ and ‘stereotype’. It is shown that the probability of a compound falling into either of Fanselow’s proposed categories can be largely predicted using semantic and distributional properties of the constituent nouns, as well as the degree of lexicalisation of the compound as a whole. The so-called ‘basic’ relations, namely constitution, location, identity, resemblance and meronymy, are more likely in compounds that are not lexicalised, that have productive modifiers and/or semanticallyspecific heads, and whose constituents are perceived as representing concrete rather than abstract concepts. It is argued that such relations might be regarded as basic in several ways: they relate to states of physical entities, have a high level of generality and may be associated with semantic and phonological transparency. [Collapse]
• Classifying Semantic Relations in German Nominal Compounds using a Hybrid Annotation Scheme
  by Daniil Sorokin, Corina Dima, & Erhard Hinrichs
  J. CS. 2015, 16(3), 261-286;
  Abstract This paper reports on novel results for the automatic classification of semantic relations that hold between the constituents of nominal compounds in German. It utilizes a hybrid annotation scheme that models semantic relations using a combination of prepositional paraphrases and semantic properties... [Read more].
  Abstract This paper reports on novel results for the automatic classification of semantic relations that hold between the constituents of nominal compounds in German. It utilizes a hybrid annotation scheme that models semantic relations using a combination of prepositional paraphrases and semantic properties. The machine learning (ML) experiments use the support vector machine (SVM) implementation in Weka for single-label prediction tasks and Weka SVMs in conjunction with the Mulan library for multi-label prediction. [Collapse]
• Modeling Lexicon-Syntax Interaction with Catenae
  by Petya Osenova & Kiril Simove
  J. CS. 2015, 16(3), 287-322;
  Abstract The paper discusses the interaction between the lexicon and syntactic relations in texts. It considers the encoding of the language units by means of catenae. It also shows that catenae representation together with valence information can provide a good way of handling Multiword Expressions and comp... [Read more].
  Abstract The paper discusses the interaction between the lexicon and syntactic relations in texts. It considers the encoding of the language units by means of catenae. It also shows that catenae representation together with valence information can provide a good way of handling Multiword Expressions and compounds in the lexicon and syntax. The paper introduces a strategy for mapping noun/verb compounds with their counterpart syntactic phrases. Thus, the investigation presents two research directions: (1) realization of lexical units from lexicons to texts, and (2) relations between identical semantic units with differing morphosyntactic properties. Although the provided examples come from Bulgarian, the proposed mechanism is language independent. [Collapse]
• Semantic Representations in Monolingual and Bilingual Connectionist Networks
  by Nicholas Rendell & Eddy J. Davelaar
  J. CS. 2015, 16(3), 323-338;
  Abstract Repeated practice of inhibitory processes in bilinguals leads to an advantage in tasks requiring control processes. This advantage has been postulated to contribute to cognitive reserve as an offset to age and dementia related decline. Two models are presented which have learned the names of a serie... [Read more].
  Abstract Repeated practice of inhibitory processes in bilinguals leads to an advantage in tasks requiring control processes. This advantage has been postulated to contribute to cognitive reserve as an offset to age and dementia related decline. Two models are presented which have learned the names of a series of pictures belonging to two categories. The first model learned the names of both categories in a single language, the second in two languages. In line with the dopamine hypothesis, change in gain of the log-sigmoidal transfer function was applied to provide a valid age related change. The results demonstrated greater separation of representations for monolinguals than for bilinguals. This occurred both for individual representations within a category and between categories. Furthermore, an interaction between brain reserve capacity, a biological category of cognitive reserve, and whether or not the model was bilingual or monolingual was observed for measures of separation. The results are discussed in terms of retrieval induced inhibition which suggest that the closer representations are to each other, the greater the recruitment of inhibitory processes. [Collapse]
• Distributed Marking in Sport Corrections: A Conversation Analysis of Synchronized Swimming
  by Dafne Muntanyola-Saura
  J. CS. 2015, 16(3), 339-355;
  Abstract This paper is an empirically based contribution on the communication of corrections in synchronized swimming. Our claim is that marking is a socially organized skill that can be found in sports corrections. Through video-aided ethnographic work, which includes observation and interviewing the Spanis... [Read more].
  Abstract This paper is an empirically based contribution on the communication of corrections in synchronized swimming. Our claim is that marking is a socially organized skill that can be found in sports corrections. Through video-aided ethnographic work, which includes observation and interviewing the Spanish Olympic team for four months, we captured standardized communication patterns. Conversation Analysis allows us to locate the pathways of communication modalities in real professional trainings. We analyzed the video of the training sessions with ELAN software for micro-interactions. Our results show that the modalities of speech, marking, gesture and gaze appear in synchronized swimming. There is an epistemological asymmetry between the trainer and the swimmers as experts from different domains. Still, we found instances of distributed marking in gaze behavior. Moreover, marking for others in synchronized swimming is a modality that goes beyond individual reflexivity and recall. Corrections in sports training are a product of socially managed turn taking. [Collapse]