Journal

Volume 20, Issue 3 (September 30, 2019)

5 articles

• Association and the Mechanisms of Priming
  by Mike Dacey
  J. CS. 2019, 20(3), 281-321;
  Abstract In psychology, increasing interest in priming has brought with it a revival of associationist views. Association seems a natural explanation for priming: simple associative links carry subcritical levels of activation from representations of the prime stimulus to representations of the target stimul... [Read more].
  Abstract In psychology, increasing interest in priming has brought with it a revival of associationist views. Association seems a natural explanation for priming: simple associative links carry subcritical levels of activation from representations of the prime stimulus to representations of the target stimulus. This then facilitates use of the representation of the target. I argue that the processes responsible for priming are not associative. They are more complex. Even so, associative models do get something right about how these processes behave. As a result, I argue, we should reconsider how we interpret associative models, taking them to identify regularities in the sequence of representational states in any kind of process, rather than as denoting a particular kind of process.Keywords: Psychology, Associationism, Priming, Learning, Psychological Modeling, Explanation [Collapse]
• A Pilot Investigation of Individual Differences in Handedness in Subjective Experience of Forgetfulness: The Cognitive Failures
  by Ruth E. Propper, Alexis Grant, Ryan King, Stephen D. Christman
  J. CS. 2019, 20(3), 323-337;
  Abstract Individual differences in handedness in episodic memory have been demonstrated across a wide variety of stimuli and protocols, with inconsistent-handers (ICH) having superior memory relative to consistent-right-handers (CRH). The current study looks at the question of whether ICH also report better ... [Read more].
  Abstract Individual differences in handedness in episodic memory have been demonstrated across a wide variety of stimuli and protocols, with inconsistent-handers (ICH) having superior memory relative to consistent-right-handers (CRH). The current study looks at the question of whether ICH also report better subjective memory. Prior work shows that objective and subjective memory performance are generally unrelated, but the current study found that ICH indeed report better subjective memory, as measured by the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. Given evidence for associations between personality factors and subjective memory, the current study also looked at the Behavioral Inhibition Scale (BIS) and found (i) no handedness differences on the BIS, but (ii) a negative association between neuroticism and cognitive failures in CRH.Keywords: Memory, Handedness, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, Behavioral Inhibition [Collapse]
• Effects of Case-marking on the Anticipatory Processing of Korean Sentences
  by Miseon Lee
  J. CS. 2019, 20(3), 339-364;
  Abstract The goal of this study was to explore the effect of the case-marking information from pre-verbal arguments on the anticipatory processing of Korean sentences. More specifically, it was examined whether the case-markers can be used to predict an upcoming argument even before it is introduced into the... [Read more].
  Abstract The goal of this study was to explore the effect of the case-marking information from pre-verbal arguments on the anticipatory processing of Korean sentences. More specifically, it was examined whether the case-markers can be used to predict an upcoming argument even before it is introduced into the string. In our eye-tracking experiment using the visual-world paradigm, 24 adult native speakers of Korean showed significantly more anticipatory eye-movements to the potential referent of a Theme object as soon as hearing the sequence of a nominative-marked NP and a dative-marked NP, as compared to when the second NP is accusative-marked. These results confirm the predictive mechanism of the parsing system and the case effect on the prediction in Korean: that is, guided by the case-marking information which is available earlier in the input, the parser can predict a forthcoming argument and thus activate a structural representation of the currently processed sentence. In this way, a verb-final sentence can be interpreted incrementally and predictively as well at each moment of processing.Keywords: Anticipatory Processing, Case-marking, Dative Noun Phrases, Eye-tracking, Korean [Collapse]
• Leveraging Cognitive Linguistic Approaches to Grammar Teaching with Multimedia Animations
  by Carlee Arnett, Ferran Suñer
  J. CS. 2019, 20(3), 365-399;
  Abstract The present paper reports on a study which aims to explore the potential of using multimedia animations to make grammar principles of cognitive linguistic explanations more transparent to learners. Fourty-nine students of German received instruction on the German passive voice. A first group (CA) wo... [Read more].
  Abstract The present paper reports on a study which aims to explore the potential of using multimedia animations to make grammar principles of cognitive linguistic explanations more transparent to learners. Fourty-nine students of German received instruction on the German passive voice. A first group (CA) worked with a cognitive linguistic explanation of the German passive by means of multimedia animations and performed tasks that aimed to foster the relevant conceptualization processes. Another group (TA) was presented with a form-based explanation of the German passive mainly focusing on the syntactic features. The results show that the CA group significantly outperformed the TA group, especially in the tasks where the passive was tested in larger discursive contexts and made use of the different types of passive sentences in a more appropriate way.Keywords: Cognitive Grammar, Metaphorization, Foreign Language Learning, Multimedia Learning, Grammar Teaching [Collapse]
• Code-switching Patterns of Educated and Non-educated Efik-English Bilinguals: A Descriptive Study
  by Eyo O. Mensah
  J. CS. 2019, 20(3), 401-432;
  Abstract This article explores the patterns of intra-sentential code-switching in actual conversational interactions of educated and non-educated Efik-English bilinguals. A non-educated bilingual has limited English language proficiency while the educated bilingual is fluent in English; hence the tendency fo... [Read more].
  Abstract This article explores the patterns of intra-sentential code-switching in actual conversational interactions of educated and non-educated Efik-English bilinguals. A non-educated bilingual has limited English language proficiency while the educated bilingual is fluent in English; hence the tendency for switching among the latter category is higher. The study recognizes some social, cultural and situational factors that come to play as code-switching manifests as a communicative strategy amongst these bilinguals. Data for the study were sourced from interviews, metalinguistic conversations and recordings of naturally occurring interactions of educated and non-educated bilinguals. The study is based theoretically on Muysken’s (2000) typology of language mixing which involves the insertion of materials from one language into the structure from the other language and the alternation between structures of the two languages.The article concludes that the non-educated bilingual supplements code-switching as an innovative discourse mechanism while the educated bilingual uses the device as a complementary function which increases the impact of his or her language use and provides continuity for social negotiations in discourse. English serves as the matrix language for the educated bilinguals, and it is the embedded language for the non-educated bilinguals while Efik is the matrix language of the non-educated bilingual, and the embedded language of the educated bilingual. Among these bilinguals, code-switching enhances communication flow and provides a more favorable response to bilingualism.Keywords: Code-switching, Linguistic Ideology, Bi/multilingualism, Efik-English, Matrix Language, Embedded Language, Nigeria [Collapse]