Journal

Volume 23, Issue 3 (September 30, 2022)

4 articles

• An Evidence-Based Critique of Intention Cognitivism
  by John McGuire
  J. CS. 2022, 23(3), 249-282;
  Abstract “Intention Cognitivism” (IC) refers to a family of theories concerning the relation between the concepts of intention and belief. While there are important differences between the various theories that belong to this family, each is committed to the idea that an agent intends to X only if they belie... [Read more].
  Abstract “Intention Cognitivism” (IC) refers to a family of theories concerning the relation between the concepts of intention and belief. While there are important differences between the various theories that belong to this family, each is committed to the idea that an agent intends to X only if they believe that they (probably) will X. In this article I argue against this core commitment of IC on the basis of recent experimental evidence concerning the ways in which ordinary speakers of English use the concepts of intention and belief. After summarizing some of this evidence, I consider a possible defense of IC, one based on the distinction between full versus partial intentions and beliefs. I report on a new study that was conducted specifically to evaluate this defense of IC, the results of which indicate that this distinction fails to protect IC against the compelling empirical evidence against it. Additionally, I consider, and argue against, two recent arguments for IC. [Collapse]
• Is Hostility the Link Between Low and High Levels of Psychological Symptoms?: A Latent Profile Analysis
  by Christian Schetsche, Luis Carlos Jaume, Azzollini Susana
  J. CS. 2022, 23(3), 283-322;
  Abstract An alternative for the study of co-occurring syndromes is the empirically derived Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). Due to the apparent non-existence of research using this method with a wide variety of psychological symptoms, the aim of the present study comprised the empirical determination of their ... [Read more].
  Abstract An alternative for the study of co-occurring syndromes is the empirically derived Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). Due to the apparent non-existence of research using this method with a wide variety of psychological symptoms, the aim of the present study comprised the empirical determination of their patterns. After identifying the latent subgroups, the second objective of the study was to analyze their differences concerning symptom severity, use of coping strategies, selected social support variables, personality traits, and sociodemographic variables. The sample (n= 918) was collected through the Internet and, employing van der Waerden's non-parametric test, differences were evaluated between the five profiles found. The results evidenced considerable effect sizes regarding hostility and no significant differences for extraversion. After controlling for demographic variables and personality traits, adaptive coping strategies showed no significant differences. It was concluded that future research should further study hostility as a possible link between high and low levels of the symptoms analyzed and their associations with perceived understanding, emotional support received, and availability of emotional support as protective factors. [Collapse]
• Regrets and Surprises: A Unifying Account of Japanese Noni
  by Alexander Wimmer, Toshiko Oda
  J. CS. 2022, 23(3), 323-374;
  Abstract The Japanese particle noni leads a double existence as a concessive and a counterfactual particle. It is in the latter sense that Ogihara (2014) refers to noni as a ‘regret-marker’, one that conveys regret in view of a proposition’s falsity. In this paper, we unify the two uses, proposing an undersp... [Read more].
  Abstract The Japanese particle noni leads a double existence as a concessive and a counterfactual particle. It is in the latter sense that Ogihara (2014) refers to noni as a ‘regret-marker’, one that conveys regret in view of a proposition’s falsity. In this paper, we unify the two uses, proposing an underspecified core semantics that covers both. While the analysis draws on previous work on concessive (more generally: contrastive) particles, it reveals a new strategy natural language use to convey counterfactuality. Our analysis is shown to also work for cases that do not seem to have been dealt with so far: ones in which noni conveys regret in view of the truth, rather than the falsity, of a proposition. [Collapse]
• NUN-marked vs. Non-NUN-marked Fragmental Questions in Korean
  by Daeho Chung
  J. CS. 2022, 23(3), 375-402;
  Abstract This work observes, and tries to provide an account of, an interpretive asymmetry that two types of fragmental questions in Korean display. A fragmental question that ends with a contrastive topic delimiter -(n)un (dubbed as a contrastive topic fragment, CTF) produces a wh-question reading (Chung 20... [Read more].
  Abstract This work observes, and tries to provide an account of, an interpretive asymmetry that two types of fragmental questions in Korean display. A fragmental question that ends with a contrastive topic delimiter -(n)un (dubbed as a contrastive topic fragment, CTF) produces a wh-question reading (Chung 2020, 2021a, b cf. Park 2021), whereas a fragmental question with a case particle or delimiter other than -(n)un does not. The asymmetry is attributed to a difference in the locus of focus: the CT marker -(n)un requires the presence of a focal element in the post-(n)un position (Chung 2021a, b, cf. Kim 2018), while fragments with a non-(n)un particle are themselves foci. Being contained in an ellipsis site, the focus in the CTF has to bear a focus value but not an ordinary value in the sense of Rooth (1985) due to the E-givenness Condition on ellipsis (Merchant 2001). Thus, a wh-phrase is a perfect candidate to fulfill the requirement. In contrast, no wh-phrase is allowed in the ellipsis site of a non-(n)un-marked fragment due to the intervention effect (Beck 2006, Beck and Kim 1997). [Collapse]