Journal

Volume 18, Issue 4 (December 31, 2017)

4 articles

• Lexical Planning in L2 Sentence Production: Evidence from ERPs
  by Junhyeok Kwon, Hee Jun Lee, Jeong-Ah Shin Wonil Chung, Myung-Kwan Park & Cheolsoo Park
  J. CS. 2017, 18(4), 367-389;
  Abstract This study examined the scope of lexical planning in second language (L2) production using the semantic blocking effect and its associated patterns of ERPs. The semantic blocking effects—as measured by longer response times in picture naming tasks and often interpreted as a re ection of dif culty in... [Read more].
  Abstract This study examined the scope of lexical planning in second language (L2) production using the semantic blocking effect and its associated patterns of ERPs. The semantic blocking effects—as measured by longer response times in picture naming tasks and often interpreted as a re ection of dif culty in lexical access—have been observed when all objects of a set belong to an identical semantic category than diverse categories. Two experiments were conducted to observe patterns of ERPs associated with the semantic blocking effects (i.e., semantic context effects) by using two types of subject noun- phrases that include two nouns, a head noun modified by a prepositional phrase (PP) (e.g., the dog above the flower is red) and a conjoined noun phrase (CNP) (e.g., the dog and the flower are both red). The first noun (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) in the set of pictures was manipulated in Experiment 1, and the second noun in Experiment 2. The ERP results showed that semantic blocking effects were observed in both experiments, in contrast to previous findings for native speaker production, providing no evidence for incremental planning in L2 sentence production. Instead, different ERP patterns were found for the subject NP type (PP vs. CNP) in both experiments, showing that the lexical planning scope in L2 sentence production might vary according to functional phrases—i.e., the relation between two NPs composing the subject noun-phrases.Keywords: L2(second language) production, lexical planning, ERPs, semantic blocking ef fects [Collapse]
• A Comparison of Oversampling Methods on Imbalanced Topic Classification of Korean News Articles
  by Yirey Suh, Jaemyung Yu, Jonghoon Mo, Leegu Song, Cheongtag Kim
  J. CS. 2017, 18(4), 391-437;
  Abstract Machine learning has progressed to match human performance, including the eld of text classification. However, when training data are imbalanced, classifiers do not perform well. Oversampling is one way to overcome the problem of imbalanced data and there are many oversampling methods that can be co... [Read more].
  Abstract Machine learning has progressed to match human performance, including the eld of text classification. However, when training data are imbalanced, classifiers do not perform well. Oversampling is one way to overcome the problem of imbalanced data and there are many oversampling methods that can be conveniently implemented. While comparative researches of oversampling methods on non-text data have been conducted, studies comparing oversampling methods under a unifying framework on text data are scarce. This study finds that while oversampling methods generally improve the performance of classifiers, similarity is an important factor that influences the performance of classifiers on imbalanced and resampled data.Keywords: Imbalanced data, oversampling methods, SMOTE, topic classification [Collapse]
• Knowledge Activation in Story Comprehension
  by Irene-Anna N. Diakidoy, Loizos Michael, Antonis Kakas
  J. CS. 2017, 18(4), 439-471;
  Abstract The purpose of this study was to provide behavioral data regarding the world knowledge that readers activate during story comprehension with a view to inform the development of formal and computational representation of knowledge for automated comprehension. The focus of the study was on the amount,... [Read more].
  Abstract The purpose of this study was to provide behavioral data regarding the world knowledge that readers activate during story comprehension with a view to inform the development of formal and computational representation of knowledge for automated comprehension. The focus of the study was on the amount, the structural aspects, and the coherence function of the activated knowledge. In a knowledge elicitation task, undergraduate students recorded the knowledge they deemed necessary for understanding each sentence in a set of four short stories in the form of property and causal knowledge rules. Results indicated the activation of a limited amount of knowledge that maintained both situational and conceptual connections with input. Situational inferencing and continuity (i.e., carrying over of previously activated ideas) were positively associated and varied as a function of story part. Findings are discussed in relation to dominant theoretical models of narrative comprehension and for their implications regarding the computational representation of knowledge in automated story comprehension.Keywords: story comprehension; automated comprehension; knowledge activation; inferences [Collapse]
• Syntactic Enhancement: Bootstrapping for Second Language Reading
  by Youngmin Park
  J. CS. 2017, 18(4), 473-509;
  Abstract This paper aimed to identify factors that inhibit effective second language (L2) reading and to suggest technology-enhanced reading designed for providing L2 readers with bootstrapping resources. To this end, this paper also addresses the importance of syntactic and prosodic awareness in L2 reading,... [Read more].
  Abstract This paper aimed to identify factors that inhibit effective second language (L2) reading and to suggest technology-enhanced reading designed for providing L2 readers with bootstrapping resources. To this end, this paper also addresses the importance of syntactic and prosodic awareness in L2 reading, drawing on L2 reading theories and a number of empirical studies from a body of research related to L2 development. Syntactic and prosodic awareness contribute to L2 reading development as they are highly associated with uent and accurate reading abilities. However, it is challenging for L2 learners to acquire syntactic and prosodic knowledge due to limited cognitive capacities related to L2 learning, limited prior linguistic knowledge that is usually gained from oral communication, and linguistic differences between native languages and a target language. Addressing these challenges, this paper reviews a potentially useful technological tool of text presentation technology that may help increase syntactic awareness. Although empirical studies that tested the usefulness of technology- enhanced reading tools produced mixed results, their findings imply a viable alternative way of reading and call for future research to validate it.Keywords: bootstrapping, syntactic awareness, prosodic awareness, syntactic enhancement, second language, visual-syntactic text formatting. [Collapse]